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Evoluce symbiotických bakterií dvoukřídlého krevsajícího hmyzu
JUHAŇÁKOVÁ, Eliška
This study is focused on bacterial symbionts of blood-sucking insects from the family Hippoboscidae (Diptera), namely Ornithomya biloba and Crataerina pallida. Bacterial symbionts are essential for blood-sucking insects because they provide nutrients absent in blood, particularly vitamin B and cofactors. In this study metagenomic data from Ornithomya biloba and Crataerina pallida were processed by bioinformatic tools and genome drafts were assembled. Genomes of two bacterial symbionts of the genus Arsenophonus were compared with their relatives and levels of genomic modification of these genomes were evaluated. Moreover, the presence of horizontally transferred genes in both Arsenophonus genomes was phylogenetically determined. Finally, metabolic pathways for essential B vitamins and cofactors were reconstructed and compared with other species of the genus Arsenophonus.
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Biotic, abiotic and symbiotic factors that influence a host-parasitoid food web
BROWN, Joel James
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the deterministic patterns of insect-associated microbiome community composition and to investigate the role of symbiotic bacteria in insect model systems. I have shown that life stage is a key factor influencing microbiome composition, in both holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects, in addition to host species identity and local environment. I was able to find these deterministic patterns by controlling for diet in field studies of microbiomes, which is a well-known influential factor of microbiome communities. My thesis emphasises the importance of investigating the taxonomic and functional diversity of insect microbiomes and including symbiotic microbes in community level studies.
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Evoluce genomu bakteriálních symbiontů vši \kur{Polyplax serrata} (Phthiraptera, Anoplura)
ŘÍHOVÁ, Jana
Blood-sucking louse Polyplax serrata harbor two phylogenetically distinct symbiotic bacteria from the orders Legionellales (Gammaproteobacteria) and Neisseriales (Betaproteobacteria). Based on rigorous phylogenetic analyses, the first bacteria was confirmed as member of genus Legionella, and the name Candidatus Legionella polyplacis, sp. n. was proposed. Vertical transgeneration transmission was proved by visualisation of the symbiont in host tissues. Improved genome of latter symbiont is considerably larger and possesses more metabolic functions. In the genome, I found horizontally transferred operon, which encode synthesis of enzymes involved in urea cleavage.
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